1. Nowadays, even smart phones have their own unique operating systems. Draw a table of comparison between the two most popular OS in smart phones, which are Android and Windows 8.

Android	Operating System	Windows 8
Open-Source	Type of Source	Closed-source
Yes (Third-party software component)	Ability to multitasking	Yes
Yes	OS Update	Yes
Yes	Multi-core	Yes
Yes	NFS Sharing (Near Field Communication)	Yes
Yes (most devices)	File System Access	Yes
-Non-intrusive -Aggregation in notification panel -manageable	Notification Handling	-Slightly obtrusive -Aggregation in top bar

List down all the operating system used in a desktop/laptop today and find good descriptions of how operating systems work? Hence, state their advantages and disadvantages

Operating system used in desktop/ laptop

·        DOS (disk operating system)

·        Windows

Ø Windows 2003

Ø Windows 3.X

Ø Windows 8

Ø Windows 7

Ø Windows 95

Ø Windows 98

Ø Windows CE

Ø Windows ME

Ø Windows NT

Ø Windows Vista

Ø Windows XP

·        Xenix

·        Vector Linux

·        UnixWare

·        Unix

·        Unisys

·        Ultrix

·        Turbolinux

·        Tru64 Unix

·        SuSE Linux

·        Sun Solaris

·        Slackware Linux

·        SCO

·        Red Hat Linux

·        NEXTSTEP

·        MINIX

·        MAC OS 8

·        LINUX

·        Kondara Linux

·        IRIX

·        DUnix

·        DYNIX/ptx

·        Corel Linux

·        BSD

·        Android

·        AIX and AIXL

How operating system work?

For a computer  to be able to operate a computer programme (sometimes known as application or software), the machine must be able to perform a certain number of preparatory operations to ensure exchange between the processor, the memory and the physical resources (peripherals). 

The operating system (sometimes referred to by its abbreviation OS), is responsible for creating the link between the material resources, the user and the applications (word processor, video game, etc.). When a programme wants to access a material resource, it does not need to send specific information to the peripheral device but it simply sends the information to the operating system, which conveys it to the relevant peripheral via its driver. If there are no drivers, each programme has to recognise and take into account the communication with each type of peripheral! 

The operating system thus allows the "dissociation" of programmes and hardware, mainly to simplify resource management and offer the user a simplified Man-machine interface (MMI) to overcome the complexity of the actual machine. 

Advantages of operating system

                      i.            provides detailed information about the operating system running on a device

                   ii.            allow using computer without any knowledge of coding.

                 iii.            enable businesses to move with agility and speed

                 iv.            provides a broad and highly stable database and middleware foundation for efficiently deploying business processing applications

WINDOWS:

advantages:

-Lots of software and games are developed for windows.

-Windows is also somewhat user friendly.

Disadvantages:

-Very bloated with many features most people don't use, thus slowing down the computer and takes excessive hard drive space. However this shouldn't be much of a problem with newer computers.

-There are many viruses programmed for windows.

-Can get a little pricey.

MAC OS X\

Advantages:

-Very user friendly with nice graphics

-very few or no viruses are programmed for OS X

-Some selection of software and games.

Disadvantages:

-Also bloated

-The computers are Overpriced; also can get pricey for software

LINUX:

Advantages:

-FREE!

-Has many distributions (or versions) that are designed to do specific tasks

-Programmer friendly

-There are many versions that have what you need and will not slow down your computer (especially if you have an older one)

-Few viruses

-Advanced users can COMPLETELY customize the system.

Disadvantages

- Not very user friendly (with exception of Ubuntu distribution)

- few software selections

DOS

Advantages:

1. will run on a much smaller system.
2. give more "direct" control of the processes.
3. smaller size will "boot" much faster than ANY windows version.
4. Is easier to write,


Disadvantages:

1. Very few "new" programs available, therefore you need to be able to write programs in many cases.
2. Not nearly as fancy in the graphics department.
3. Not compatible with current "browsers" and most internet.

Discuss different types of threats and malicious program (malware) that can damage a computer, mobile device or disrupt any system. Search for information on current known malware program. Based on the information that you have found, create a table to list different types of malware, what it does, and how it can be repaired or removed. These information is useful for you to prevent any malware from damage your computer system

Types	What it does	How to repair
viruses	Viruses infect files which are used by others on a network, through removable storage devices, or via email attachments.	Install anti-viruses
worms	Worms penetrate remote machines and launch infected copies using email, instant messages, file sharing (P2P), IRC channels, and network transfer on LANs and WANs. They can be carried in email attachments and can attack insecure network access points or attack vectors – vulnerable entry points in applications or the operating system. Some worms are known as "fileless" or packet worms. These spread on a network and directly target and penetrate the computer RAM.	Use a firewall. Either make sure your Windows Firewall is turned on (run a search for Windows Security Center on your computer to configure) or install a trustworthy firewall program to help block unwanted internet traffic. Note that you should not run two firewalls at the same time, as this will cause errors and can actually make your computer more vulnerable
trojan	Trojan horse appear benign until they are downloaded and become resident on your computer system. Trojans are a serious threat to security. Once resident on the system they can open a "backdoor" to the computer (for example, port 21). By doing so they gain remote access and other security breaches can be performed. Trojans are one of the most common tools of the malware trade and are used in conjunction with other malicious software. As a result, there are numerous activities that these items can perform including collecting sensitive data such as banking information and using the host machine as a proxy so that other remote attacks can be performed such as a Denial of Service (DoS) attack.	Install anti-virus software.
hoax	Designed to trick an intended audience into believing a falsehood; it falsely warns the user about a virus and encourages the message to be forwarded.	Install a security program. Boot your system in safe mode. Run the security program to eradicate the hoax from your computer
Denial of Service (DoS) / Flooder	sending massive quantities of data to an Internet connection such as a server or a network so as to disrupt or flood the service	Activate firewalls.
Bot	Gather information (such as web crawlers), or interact automatically with instant messaging(IM), Instant Relay Chat (IRC), or other web interfaces. They may also be used to interact dynamically with websites.	Install a bot remover program.
Spy-ware	Spyware attach themselves to your operating system in nefarious ways. They can suck the life out of your computer's processing power. They're designed to track your Internet habits, nag you with unwanted sales offers or generate traffic for their host Web site.	Installing anti-virus or anti-spyware
Exploit	An exploit is a piece of software, a command, or a methodology that attacks a particular security vulnerability. Exploits are not always malicious in intent—they are sometimes used only as a way of demonstrating that a vulnerability exists. However, they are a common component of malware.

SCL 2

What is open source software ?

Open source refers to a program or software in which the source code  is available to the general public for use or modification from its original design free of charge.

In your opinion , why people prefer open source software over proprietry alternatives nowadays ?

 In my opinion , people prefer  for open source because open source is based on a simple and easy to understand than proprietry  . And the other is proprietry is someone else asset .So , if we want to use it , we have to pay for every software that we use .

List top 5 most popular open source software and compare them with similar proprietry software . 

Abiword vs Microsoft Word
http://www.abisource.com/
Abiword good replacement for Word. It’s lightweight (meaning it runs quickly) and includes pretty much every feature that can use regularly in a word processor, plus it can save files in formats that you can exchange with Word and WordPerfect users, plus open any of their files, too.

OpenOffice vs Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint
http://www.openoffice.org/
It includes very nice replacements for Excel and PowerPoint. It actually prefer their Excel and PowerPoint replacements to the real thing.

 GIMPShop vs Adobe Photoshop
http://www.gimpshop.net/
This is a version of the GNU Image Manipulation Program that does a pretty solid job of imitating Adobe Photoshop – a regular user of Photoshop  can adapt to it quite quickly. It’s very richly featured and runs quite well – in fact, I see no reason to ever go back, even if Photoshop were free.

VLC Media Player vs Windows Media Player
http://www.videolan.org/vlc/
If you get tired of having tons of media players on your computer, get this package that runs pretty much every media type you’ll run across without breaking a sweat.

 Firefox vs Internet Explorer
http://www.getfirefox.com/

 It stops annoying popups and it has tons of amazing plugins that can make surfing the web even better.